Millions of insomniacs, Netflix bingers, and parents with loud babies report to work every day.
We see them everywhere. They’re the ones huffing and puffing as loudly as possible at any minor inconvenience, such as a lapdog yelping next door or a coworker crunching noisily on their chips. With maybe a few hours of low-quality sleep in them, they’re easily distracted and forget why they entered a room immediately upon entering it. They’re irritable. They mutter a few more cuss words than usual, dismissing regular filters and inhibitions.
In some industries, sleep-deprived workers stand out even more because they’re the ones causing costly, disastrous accidents. According to the National Safety Council, “A typical employer with 1,000 employees can expect to experience more than $1 million lost each year to fatigue: $272,000 due to absenteeism and $776,000 due to presenteeism. An additional $536,000 in healthcare costs could be avoided with optimization of sleep health.”
So, to really drive that point home, here's 5 of the most disastrous accidents in history caused (in part) by sleepy people:
It was nearly midnight on June 1, 1999 when American Airlines Flight 1420 overshot the runway at Little Rock National Airport. 10 passengers and the captain were killed, and at least a hundred others were injured. Investigators from the National Transportation Safety Board reported that the pilots may have made the mistake because they were tired and under additional stress while trying to land the plane during the thunderstorm. "On the basis of the evidence, staff believes fatigue was a factor in this accident," said Evan Byrne, chairman of the group that investigated the pilots' actions.
Seconds after its launch in January 1986, the Challenger space shuttle exploded. A leak in the fuel tank caused it to collapse and the orbiter was pulled apart. The pieces, and the crew within, continued upwards to reach an altitude of 65,000 feet before falling into the Atlantic Ocean. All seven crew members died, presumably due to loss of cabin pressure and oxygen deficiency. A 1988 report stated that managers involved in the launch had slept only two hours the night before. The report also noted, “working excessive hours, while admirable, raises serious questions when it jeopardizes job performance, particularly when critical management decisions are at stake”.
At 12:04 a.m. on March 24, 1989, the Exxon Valdez supertanker struck Bligh Reef. 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water, covering 1,300 miles of coastline. It killed an estimated 250,000 sea birds, 3,000 otters, 300 seals, 250 bald eagles and 22 killer whales. According to investigations, Captain Hazelwood was under the influence of alcohol and asleep at the time of the accident, and the Third Mate who took over for him at the helm was also sleep-deprived. According to Anchorage Daily News, the crew had just put in a 22-hour shift loading the oil onto the ship, and the Third Mate had reportedly only had a "catnap" in the last 16 hours leading up to the crash. Exxon paid nearly $4 billion for habitat restoration and clean-up.
Between 4 and 6 a.m. on March 28, 1979, the most serious nuclear incident on US soil took place. Workers neglected to notice that the plant was losing coolant, causing the plant’s core to overheat and partially melt. There were no deaths, and the building contained most of the radiation released. However, some cases of thyroid cancer in those who lived near the area at the time are thought to be linked to radiation from the accident. Investigators later ruled that sleep deprivation was a significant factor behind the accident.
It was 1:23 a.m. on April 26, 1986 when the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded. 31 people died as an immediate result, and an additional 4,000 are estimated to die as a result of radiation exposure and cancer. The disaster prompted the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people, and left the entire city a ghost town. In addition to the flawed reactor design, human error linked to fatigue and 13-hr long shifts were investigated as contributing factors.
Coupled with the fact that the majority of those in charge at the time of the accidents were also nearing the end of 12+ hour shifts, the rising levels of melatonin as they worked into the night probably made sleep irresistible.
Even when managing to stay awake, sleep deprivation itself is often just as dangerous as actually falling asleep on the job:
"We discovered that starving the body of sleep also robs neurons of the ability to function properly," senior study author Dr. Itzhak Fried, a professor of neurosurgery at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), said in a statement. "This paves the way for cognitive lapses in how we perceive and react to the world around us." (Science Daily)
If you're the manager of night-shift workers, consider investing in a fatigue and alertness assessment system for your employees. Partially funded by OSHA, it helps each employee identify potentially dangerous fatigue symptoms so they can be managed and alleviated before causing costly and harmful accidents. Find out what companies benefit from AlertMeter, and why they choose to use it.
Sources:
https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/night-shift-sleep#1
https://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v2appg.htm
https://www.genesishealth.com/care-treatment/neuroscience/sleep/patient-resources/shift_workers/
https://www.nsc.org/work-safety/safety-topics/fatigue/cost
https://www.history.com/news/5-things-you-might-not-know-about-the-challenger-shuttle-disaster
https://www.nature.com/news/exxon-valdez-laid-to-rest-1.11141
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2517096/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171106112312.htm